STATEMENSHIP
By: Ahmet Ufuk Turan
Course: Human Rights and Environmental Protection
Date of Submission: September 18, 2018
INTRODUCTION
The leader is the person who benefits the environment. The leader is the person who influences their environment by using his/her power. The leader makes decisions based on intelligence, responsibility, knowledge, and intuition. The leader knows when to stand behind the difficult decisions he/she takes. The leader consults their own environment, but she/he makes the final decision. The leader is always responsible for his/her decisions. The leader influences the people around him/her with his/her oratory power, his/her knowledge, and vision. Leadership requires these features. Leadership is a management art. Leadership requires nobility, Leadership requires dignity, Leadership requires compassion. Leadership requires justice. Leadership in democracies depends on these characteristics. A dictatorship is when the administration is in a single person in the form of an autocratic rule. All powers are held by one person. In today's use; The dictatorship is an administrator with absolute superiority in the autocracy, legally gaining unlimited leadership opportunities in constitutions or other political or social factors within the state. The dictator may control people's lives in every aspect; they can provide control management in the direction of the power coming from a single person, they can use or defend any legitimate or illegitimate methods to achieve their goals. There are many types of leadership concepts. For example, Strategic leadership, contemporary leadership, and authentic leadership varieties. There are also dictatorial varieties. For example, the one-party dictatorship is an affectionate and ideological dictatorship. In history, the dictatorship would continue in the management of the dynasty. There was a certain family's rule and pressure. However, in today's democracies, it is necessary to examine the concepts of dictatorship and leadership.
The biggest difference between dictatorship and leadership is in the form of management. The dictator is called the tyrant who has collected all political powers in himself. The leader is the person with the highest level of management authority in an organization. The difference between the leader and the dictator is the level of consciousness of those who follow them. The autocratic leadership in leadership styles can turn into a dictatorship over time. After a while, societies that accept autocratic leadership lose their ability to make sense of judgment and reasoning. The reasons for this situation are the lack of personal leadership skills, the absence of democratic leaders, social injustice, and the error of being in possession, not knowing the purpose of life. In today's democracies, how leaders become dictators. If there is no personal leadership in a society, the concept of democracy has never been met. Democratic leaders have not reached. If society has chosen to empower as individuals possess, why am I there? has not been answered. Leadership turns into a dictatorship. The concept of leadership in democracies is an important fact. Today, dictatorship in democracies is a concept worth studying. Democracy is one of the forms of political regime used to manage the modern state. The struggle for defining democracy is also part of politics. If we define political activity as trying to be effective in the process of taking collective decisions concerning the fate of the people or groups, democracy is a way of making politics. Democratic politics tries to minimize its violence and its use. But, as it is controversial, which acts are classified as violence, the violence is also controversial in which cases the use of force is legitimate.
In Democracy, Leadership, And Dictatorship
The concept of leadership has been one of the subjects that attracted the attention of many researchers from Plato to the present. The concept of leadership has become one of the concepts that researchers have been working on, especially since the beginning of the 20th century. Greek thinkers such as Aristo, Socrates, and Plato, while studying leadership with the personal, physical, and social characteristics of man, it was later argued that leadership is an innate talent. Leadership is examined in different dimensions. The expectations and perceptions of leadership vary over time in society. In the history of mankind, leaders and leader characteristics have emerged in every period.
Another theory explaining the concept of leadership is the Theory of Behavioral Leadership. According to this theory, what makes the leaders effective are leadership behaviors (Owens and Valesky, 2007: 227).
After the 1970s, Hersey and Blanchard's Situational Leadership Theory emerged (Barutçugil, 2014: 28). Leadership, in theory, was emphasized that different situations necessitated different leadership styles (Gray and Starke, 1988: 77). Today, the concept of quality management and the modern management approach have created new leadership concepts such as charismatic leadership. Human beings live in a collective form. This social order, Gordon, who claimed that he was the leader of many people in a section of his voluntary or unwilling life, defines every person who manages an organization or takes responsibility for the group as a leader (Gordon, 1998: 4). Today, many organizations are formed. Leadership is essential for the management of these organizations. Especially, strategic leadership is important. While the manager's personal characteristics make strategic decisions, the type and amount of the bulletin affect the organization. Everyone has one manager and one leader. The leader sets visionary goals. The manager strives to achieve these goals. Managers run the people at their disposal. Leaders inspire people. Leaders provide motivation for people. Managers rely on power. Leaders trust in good faith. Managers awaken fear. Leaders spread love. Managers are individual, and leaders are social. Managers show who is faulty, and leaders show what is wrong. Managers want to see respect; the leader deserves respect. The leader is the one who affects people alone. Management is a concept that includes the near future. Leadership is a concept that covers a longer perspective. Strategic leadership is a wise person with a high ability to make decisions about issues, behaviors, and tactics in environments where change is rapidly occurring and complexity is high.
Leadership is a concept used in many areas, such as social, political, and economic. Therefore, it is natural that there is no common definition of authentic leadership, one of the current leadership approaches taken from an ethical point of view. Authentic leaders; Values that know what they believe and what they believe, they have a strong sense of transparency and coherence between ethical reasoning and attitudes.
In democracies, leadership is an obvious attitude. Leadership is a necessity of democracy. According to the democracies, the leader is a person who feeds his people, dresses them, and makes them feel prosperous. When the concept of leadership in democracies is mentioned, one of the first examples that comes to mind is undoubtedly Atatürk. It is a leader who does not exert pressure on the people of Ataturk, tries to raise them to the level of civilized civilizations, and adopts the principle of peace and peace in the country. He was a leader who shaped the people according to the change of the world. In democracies, people want to see their leader. Ataturk was a leader who could accomplish this. In democracies, people seek visionary leaders. But when the leader of a democracy takes power, he trusts power; he is no longer the leader. In this case, the leader becomes the manager. If the ruler is pressuring the public, if he wants to force a certain ideology, he is called dictatorship. It is appropriate to talk about the dictatorship before the dictatorship in democracies.
The historical background of the dictatorship dates back to the fourth century. In this period, Rome had a different understanding of dictatorship than we know today. The Roman Republic was governed by the councils appointed by the Senate. When extraordinary situations occurred, such as war and internal turmoil, the Senate elected one of the consuls as a dictator for a period of 6 months, during which the country was ruled by a dictator as a very powerful manager. With the disappearance of the special situation, the dictatorial administration was terminated, and the government was re-established. An important point to be noted here is that dictators are not equipped with unlimited power and authority. (Griffin, R.W.2002)
Today, people or groups called dictators are, of course, quite different from the definition of the above historical dictator. The main characteristics of today's dictators are certainly not limited to any constitutional or legal regulation, but rather they have an extremely despotic rule after they have acquired power or power, not by father or son or by any inheritance method. Kings and sultans are not considered dictators because they have inherited their throne. (Judge, T.A., Piccolo, F.R.,2004, pp. 755-768)
Dictators always lie and create imaginary enemies. The dictators think they are knowledgeable about everything. Dictators control written and visual media. The dictators today are those who do not know the legal structure. They take their legislative power into their hands. The dictators do not allow the opposition anyway, as a result of which dictators rule the country or the society in which they want. At the present time, dictators come to power by choice or with a coup. For example, one of the most famous dictators, Adolf Hitler, came to power by election. Many dictators in the Middle East and North Africa have captured power through a coup. For example, Hosni Mubarak, Hafez al-Assad, and Muammar Gaddafi can be shown.
The dictatorship of democratic countries has been ensured by the influence of the leaders on the people. In history, many dictators have dealt with democratic elections at the outset. Adolf Hitler was the sharpest and heaviest postpaid example of this. Hitler was at the top with his oratory at the beginning of his party. He succeeded in influencing the masses, as he did at his party. This effect is described in the 2003 film Hitler: The Rise of Evil. (G. Henderson, M.V.1995)
After the dictators come to power, they establish their own system. They try to hold power. Dictators arrange a system that does not investigate itself. Dictators are unattainable and uncontrollable. Although dictatorship is considered to be the hegemony of a single person, it can sometimes manage a society or country alone in a group or a party. In this case, it is important to note that the persons in power cannot be questioned. Dictators instill fear in society. In this way, they try to control societies. In this case, the most important difference between leadership and dictatorship. In a dictatorship, concepts such as tyranny, despotism, and totalitarianism are mentioned. However, these concepts are similar to each other but are different concepts. At the present time Countries governed by democracy, totalitarianism is sometimes seen. This means that the government has to penetrate every area of society. This is an inverse proportion to democracy.
It is presented as an anti-dictatorial democracy in the Western thought system. While the dictatorship is described as a form of government in which a person or group can apply what they want, democracy is put forward by the participation of people and as a regime in which decisions are taken by the majority. ( Hooijberg, R.2001) In the twentieth century, many dictators emerged. Especially after the Second World War, most of them are in Islamic geography. The West criticizes these leaders. However, they are Western Organizations that support these leaders in a secret way. B, because real Islam is democracy itself. Real Islam means democratization. This is a major obstacle to capitalism and imperialism. The dictatorship is based on certain types. These species are an ideological, affectionate, and one-party dictatorship. The most important examples of ideological dictatorship were seen in Fascism and Nazism. One person has power. A soft dictatorship can decide when people are under the influence of the referendum. But the dictator's interest is always in the foreground. In a one-party dictatorship, everything depends on the party's decision and policies. In this case, democracy cannot be mentioned. Stalin is the most obvious example of this situation. Today's dictatorships use democracy as a mask. People think that they are governed by democracy. But this is a great lie. Dictators install their supporters at every level of the state.
Today, modernity, economy, politics, social life, and life in all areas of humanity have added value. The first place among the values of modern man is the republic, the second is a democracy, and thirdly, secularism is perceived correctly. ( Mann, C.J.Götz,2002) This is in contrast to the principles of dictatorship. Leadership is to direct the social mass towards its goal with its own skill. Democracy means public domination. But the domination of people determines the power. The source of domination is the people. But the direction of the movement determines the leader. Leadership is linked to motivation.
Leadership is the art of influence on individuals' movements or behavior; Leading, accepting, and obeying individual wishes is the feeling of acceptance. Part of the leadership is usually congenital, although it can be improved with training later. In addition to these features, the leader must have motivating features. Because motivation, while increasing the level of compliance of employees to organizational purposes, has positive contributions, such as job satisfaction. (Minsberg, H.1985)The leader is the person who motivates their subjects. In fact, there are many leaders and dictators to be examined today. This situation can be examined as a form of leadership, democracy, and dictatorship in the modern world. Canada can be seen as an example of leadership democracy. The Canadian prime minister has always drawn a popular leader profile. Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau has been in the limelight. Justin Trudeau has been a popular and beloved leader among the people. Justin Trudeau, you have been the center of attention, and this has been the leadership feature. These features can be explained as transparency, openness, unity, and desire. According to Justin Trudeau, the principles of being a good leader are: To build a good team, to be open to real conversations, to take care of your personal life, to make the best possible, and to develop yourself in different areas.
The importance of building a good team is to choose people who are good at their jobs. The aim of this situation is the benefit of the country and society. The elected persons are members of the team, regardless of religion, ethnicity, or denomination. For example, the Defense Minister of Canada is from Pakistan. The common goal here is the welfare of society. Trudeau is the one who doesn't escape real conversations. Trudeau has always established a transparent bridge between the government and the people. He is a leader who continues his normal life. Trudeau is the first Canadian Prime Minister to serve as the 2nd generation. His father, Pierre Trudeau, is an important politician who has stamped on Canadian politics for twenty years. Especially in terms of women's rights and liberal policies in the politics of Canada, which is decisive in front of the politician, it is very difficult not to be in the shadow. However, Justin Trudeau chose not to take shelter in his previous works, positive attitudes, and effective stance. This can be expressed as one of the most important leadership courses. ( Hosmer, L.T.1982 pp.47-57)
Trudeau has leadership traits in different fields. This gives the leader a great vision. Putin is another important leader in the world. Putin is a charismatic leader. Putin cannot be called a state dictator. Putin is a leader with KGB roots. Putin has much experience in state administration. The mission in Germany, especially in the demolition of the Berlin Wall, is very important. Before explaining the position of Putin in the leadership of democracy, it would be appropriate to summarize the attitude of Putin in Russia. After the Soviet Union was dismantled, the state began to privatize all its goods. The ruling Yeltsin, in line with the US wish, gave some Russians, the most important oil and natural gas companies in Russia gave very cheaply. These Russians were very young. The 38-year-old Mikhail Khodorkovsky became the boss of the Yukos oil and gas company. Roman Abramovich, 35, became the boss of the oil company Sibneft. They followed them like Mikhail Fridman, Vladimir Potanin, and Mikhail Prokhorov. Behind all these names had strong capital of the United States. These men, who realized that Yeltsin could not rule over Russia, had begun preparing to form a new party. However, Putin overturned these games. Putin, who came to power, stopped the privatization. He made the army as strong as the old one. Then the oil giant Yukos's boss, Khodorkovsky arrested. The other riches got away. Yukos was again nationalized. Putin later allied itself with China and India. He also signed a cooperation agreement with Turkey. Putin has shown different leadership here. Putin has made the country a shining country. This is a very important example of strategic leadership. Putin has created a powerful country, and his people are satisfied with his leadership. After the collapse of Soviet Russia, the gap between the poor and the rich was a gulf. Putin did the impossible. According to Putin, the most important feature of leadership is decency. According to Putin, everything is based on this principle. Putin also says that a leader should be professional and knowledgeable. According to Putin, a leader should not be arrogant.
Trump's leadership cannot be called a dictatorship. However, hegemonic leadership can be mentioned. Trump is an arrogant leader. He tries to dictate his own policies. But there is a strong contender in the face of Trump. The USA has a very diverse and multi-colored structure. However, leaders who do not pursue peaceful policies follow autocratic and theocratic rules, leading to ideological dictatorship. Trump's voting potential is based more on religious sectors. It is as effective as a national one. Trump seeks to establish an autocratic model of governance. However, the US Senate and the opposition are hindering this situation. Trump was a merchant. Trump considers the state as a business. It is an interesting coincidence that the beginning of world trade wars occurred during the period of a merchant's presidency. Trump is not a leading leader in contrast. Trump is a leader who has not sympathized with the world. Putin against Trump is more sympathetic to people. A non-sympathetic leader cannot be a leader. This situation damages the US policy. He wants to maintain his dominance. However, this situation is possible with a policy of tolerance. Trump's direction, however, is exactly the opposite of this. Leaders have a great responsibility for critical issues. Leadership in democracies is a controversial issue in the United States.
Turkey has drawn a good leadership profile in the Ataturk era. However, it is not possible to say the same things these days. Turkey is in serious studies of institutionalization in politics. The influence of political parties is very strong in Turkish society. Political parties in today's Turkey do not think of the interests of the people, but think of their own power. Twenty years ago, Turkey could not be said to be a totalitarian regime. However, it is a great lie to not see this situation as totalitarian today. It is a fact that they deceive the people with the aim of getting votes. According to Weber, leadership democracy would be shaped by the dominance of charismatic leaders over party organizations, representative institutions, and state bureaucracies. Unlike dictatorships, leaders who would come to power would be determined by free elections and would represent the system. This situation can be called a masked ball.
In analyzing leadership democracy, Weber emphasized that "charisma" was a sine qua non. Naturally, the German sociologist did not foresee that, a century later, "charisma" could be "produced" by the media when necessary. As a result of this, the continuity of "leadership democracy" and the fact that the leaders who do not have the "charisma" created a "leadership democracy" from "shallow politics" have become the reality of today. ( Priselac, T.; Grayson, M.2008 pp. 22-26)
Turkey has become an authoritarian one-party state. There have been staff in state institutions by the party. Leaders' ethics against the party and representative organizations provide the basis for a power autocratic nation. The control and mechanism systems of the party create a limited society. Some of the Turkish people see the ruling party as a fighting mechanism against the outside. However, this section does not see the collapse of the economic and social welfare in Turkey. This shows that the leadership feature is not well implemented. More precisely, this situation cannot be called leadership. Because this situation contradicts the leadership characteristics. The leader is, of course, charismatic, eloquent, and knowledgeable. However, his responsibilities with the activities it receives are so important. The consequences of these actions, positive or negative, affect society. Leadership occurs by ensuring the happiness of society.
CONCLUSION
As a result, the differences between leadership and dictatorship are clear. It can be seen how leadership and dictatorship in democracies have influenced societies. Leadership, the welfare of society in democratic administrations. Leadership contributes to the advancement of society through motivation. Leadership maximizes the benefits and interests of society. Leadership, with elements of love and respect, gained the appreciation. This situation is clearly seen in the understanding of the social state. In democracies, dictatorship is far from a social state. The dictatorships seen in democracies carry authoritarian and theocratic principles. This is like a masquerade ball. The public cannot see the truth behind these masks. The bad truth is not revealed unless everything collapses. The Arab Spring in the world today is an example of the Syrian Civil War. The first thing people need is justice. People are looking for justice. At the present time, many refugees want to reach Germany because they believe in justice in the understanding of the social state. In a place where there is no justice, leadership is a great lie. The person who dominates the rule of justice has captured the leadership.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
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